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Daylight Robbery - London's Blocked-Up Windows

What began as an interest in the city's bricked-up windows has evolved into an investigation of the role light and air play in our wellbeing. The exhibition, Daylight Robbery, features 80 photos of blocked-up windows in the city.

The Great Fire of london sash window repair (learn the facts here now) was a significant turning point in window design. This led to a shift in the architecture and the introduction of sash windows.

What is a window?

A window is a small opening that is constructed in a wall, door, or roof with the intention of letting light and air in. It is often framed and spanned with panes of glass, which are mounted to allow opening and closing. A window could also be referred to as a window aperture or window light, or window pane.

Sash windows are the most common kind of window in london window. These are vertically-opening windows that open with the sliding mechanism. These windows are still found in older homes however they are not as common in more modern structures. Modern double-glazed windows are typically constructed of uPVC and can still be opened the same way as traditional sash windows however with much improved insulation.

Sash windows are distinctive. They were invented because of the narrow streets in london window and door and the close-packed buildings. They are distinguished by two sashes which slide up and down inside the frame and then overlap when they are open. The movement of the sash is assisted by a set of pulleys and weights (known as counter balances) that can be concealed or exposed in the frame.

Sash windows can be opened either by sliding them open or by cranking them like a door. They can be single hang, double or casement. Casement windows open outwards and may have one or more sashes that are fixed in place or tilted to assist with cleaning. There are also casement windows that are hung on hinges, allowing the window to swing in or out, much like an awning window, or which can be opened with a crank mechanism.

A sash window can be an attractive design element in any house and it's easy to see why they were so popular for centuries. They do have flaws, and one of them is that they are difficult to secure in light of modern security concerns. We suggest replacing your old sash window with the latest tilt-and-turn models that are more effective in keeping burglars from entering your home.

The Great Fire of london window and door

The Great Fire of London was a massive conflagration that swept across the city's centre on September 2nd, 1666. When the fire was finally put out on the 6th, just four-fifths of the city remained standing. It destroyed 13,000 homes, 89 churches and 52 Guild Halls. A large number of people were left homeless. It is believed that the fire started because of an unnamed bakery in Pudding Lane. The fire spread quickly due to the presence of combustible materials in warehouses and an extremely strong easterly breeze. Around 16 people are believed to have died.

After the fire, King Charles II set about re-building the city. Sir Christopher Wren was commissioned to create a new St Paul's Cathedral, and he also laid the foundation for dozens of other churches across the city. He also built wider streets and made sure buildings were constructed from bricks instead of timber. The city was less crowded as a result of the fire.

Sash windows are a classic part of London's architecture, and have been around for centuries. They are renowned due to their mix of traditional style and modern technology. However, it took a while for them to reach where they are today.

The first sash windows were created in the 17th Century and featured a vertically sliding bar and a fixed window sash. The window could be opened into the room but not upwards into the sky. As time passed, the sash design was modified to look like a box window fitters london. The sash is still a well-known and widely used window in many different kinds of houses and apartments.

Jen Pedler selected a trompe-l'oeil in Smithfield that depicts a sailor returning home to his family. "I like it because it depicts a scene that could actually take place. It's an extremely atmospheric location and it's easy to imagine what might be happening in the room behind it," she said.

Andy Summers is an artist who has taken photographs of over 80 bricked-up windows within the City of London for his ongoing project Daylight Robbery. He initially was interested in the aesthetics of the windows replacement london, but later realized that these windows have significant historical significance.

Sash windows

The capital with its rich and lengthy history is home to some beautiful period buildings. Sash windows are typically associated with historical properties. From elegant townhouses to humble terraces, they can be seen all over the streets of the capital city.

Despite their popularity in the past, traditional sash window styles don't always look appealing in modern times. They have a reputation for letting in draughts, being difficult to open or close and getting their mechanisms blocked. A new double-glazed sash from Lomax + Wood is a breath of fresh air. It's a premium timber product that is easy to operate and offers great energy-efficiency.

The sash window was created by English craftsmen, but the origin of it isn't certain. After the Great Fire of London, they are also credited with changing building regulations to substitute wider windows with frames that were narrower, that were less prone to catch fire. These recessed frames are what gives Georgian and Victorian facades their distinctive style.

The sash itself is comprised of small glass panes which are held in glazing bars or muntins. The windows were originally made up of several panes due to the fact that glass was so expensive - should one break it would be expensive to replace it. Today, the price of glass has fallen drastically, so windows are typically composed of one pane with astragal bars applied to create the appearance of smaller panes.

Sash windows can be opened either by sliding them or using an sash box mechanism. They can also be opened at both the top and bottom that is referred to as a double-hung sash. The two sashes are secured in vertical grooves in the frame by a sash cord, and balanced by weights that are hidden within the box frame.

A lot of sash windows in period buildings in London are more than 100 years old and can begin to show signs of problems such as rattles and draughts. However we can replace them with modern, double-glazed sash windows that are FENSA registered and meet stringent building regulations regarding thermal performance, security and acoustic insulation.

Windows that are clogged

You might have noticed a peculiar sight when you stroll through the streets of the old England windows are sometimes replaced with bricks. Although this may seem odd, there's a solid reason for it and it's related to money. In 1696, a tax on windows was applied to homeowners according to the number of windows they had in their homes. This tax, also referred to as 'daylight theft', was so resented by the public that they went to extraordinary measures to avoid paying.

Some people chose to brick up their windows or construct homes without windows at all. The window-blocking practice was a short-lived one and the 'daylight-robbery tax' was finally removed in 1851. However, it's not uncommon to see windows with bricks on the exterior of older buildings, and you can usually tell whether or not they were originally windows by looking for a lintel or sill which match up to where the glass would have been.

Check for the lines of stepped back in the brickwork that mimics the lines of the glass on either side. Also, take a look to determine whether the bricks are identical in colour. If there's a gap within the mortar where the window would be, it's likely that the window wasn't actually blocked off.

For those interested in exploring the background of these windows, there's an exhibition at London's Victoria & Albert Museum called The Daylight Robbery which is worth a visit. The exhibition explores the impact of light and air on our health and wellbeing.

The exhibition does have its faults, notably in the claim that "many" of the houses that were featured had their windows blasted off to avoid paying the Georgian-era window tax (and london sash Window repair not just due to the general dislike for the tax). It fails to consider the conditions that affect wellbeing, especially health, following the introduction of window tax and the so-called "lockdown" period.